President Reagan free essay sample

Social Darwinism Shaping Reaganomics Ronald Reagan settled on numerous monetary choices that bolstered his convictions in Social Darwinism all through his administration. Social Darwinism is viewed as the thoughts of battle for presence andâ â€Å"survival of the fittest,† a term instituted by Herbert Spencer in orderâ to legitimize social approaches. After some time the people with predominant organic attributes will overwhelm populaces that this super species had. Couples who had these exceptional characteristics would then pass them down to their posterity, making a first class age in the cutting edge world. Dominic Sandbrook the creator of Mad as Hell, The Crisis of the 1970s and the Rise of the Populist Right, talks about president Reagan’s strategies that were affected by Social Darwinism convictions with the suspicion that contention between bunches in the public arena prompts social advancement. During his Presidency, Reagan was confronted with numerous outside issues, for example, the closure of the Cold War, theâ 1986 besieging of Libya, and the stun of the Iran-Contra undertaking. We will compose a custom exposition test on President Reagan or on the other hand any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page He openly portrayed the Soviet Union as an insidiousness empire† and upheld against socialist developments worldwide while spending his first term renouncing the technique ofâ detente,â by requesting a monstrous military development in anâ arms raceâ with the USSR. Under an approach that came to be known as the Reagan Doctrine, Reagan and his organization likewise gave clear and secretive guide toâ anti-communistâ resistance movementsâ in a push to rollback Soviet-sponsored socialist governments in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. Reagan perceived the difference in the Soviet authority with Mikhail Gorbachev, and moved to strategy, so as to urge the Soviet head to seek after significant arms understandings. Reagans individual crucial to accomplish a world liberated from atomic weapons, which he viewed as absolutely silly, absolutely insensitive, bum yet murdering, perhaps dangerous of life on earth and development. † Reagan arranged with Soviet General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev, at that point marking the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treatyâ whichâ eliminated a whole class of atomic weapons. Reagan actualized approaches based onâ supply-side economicsâ and pushed aâ classical liberalâ andâ laissez-faireâ philosophy, looking to animate the economy with enormous, over the-boardâ tax cuts. Reagan’s attitude toward financial matters was what he and people in general called â€Å"Reaganomics†. â€Å"The outline for â€Å"Reaganomics,† was a portrayed out gracefully side way to deal with the monetary, remembering huge cuts for personal duties, capital additions charges, and corporate taxes,†(340). His foundation upheld decreasing expense rates to prod financial development, controlling the cash gracefully to lessen expansion, deregulation of the economy, and diminishing government spending. Reagans strategies suggested that monetary development would happen when negligible duty rates were sufficiently low to spike speculation, which would then prompt expanded financial development, higher work, and wages. Reagan’s convictions on cutting duties were bolstered by thoughts of William Sumner who accepted that the best prepared to win the battle for presence was the American representative, and presumed that charges and guidelines fill in as perils to his endurance. Reagan accepted solid countries were made out of individuals who were effective at growing their realms and these solid countries would get by in the battle for predominance. Following his less-government mediation sees, Reagan cut the spending plans of non-military programs including Medicaid, food stamps, and administrative instruction programs. Numerous Americans addressed whether Reagans approaches profited the well off more than those living in neediness and numerous poor minority residents saw Reagan unsympathetic to their battles. â€Å"He expanded spending on state colleges and understudy awards; he endorsed stricter guidelines for home protection, land, retailing, specialists, dentists,†(187). At the point when he expanded the stricter guidelines on different arrangements he was safeguarding that the rich would be in an ideal situation from the projects he executed. Further, numerous traditionalists figured the poor ought to need to accommodate themselves and not be given any budgetary help from the legislature. Elitists bolstered Reagan’s strategies, accepting that it isn't the government’s commitment to give help to individuals who are unequipped or under-prepared to go after assets. They accepted this would lead the nation to where the powerless and substandard are urged to raise increasingly such as themselves, in the long run hauling the nation down. Social development depended on the belief systems of individual rivalry, and the individuals who trusted in this hypothesis likewise accepted that the administration existed for two purposes. One was to shield the individual and his property from outside danger and the other was to shield the individual and his property from crooks. Reagan accepted that the country’s issues couldn't be understood by more impedance from the legislature expressing that, In this current emergency, government isn't the answer for our issues; government is the issue. Reagan rehearsed a realistic conservatism that fair philosophy and the requirements of governmental issues, reestablished America’s pride and assurance and added to triumph vulnerable War.

Understand Playwork Principles Essay Example

Comprehend Playwork Principles Essay Clarify the natural drive for youngsters and youngsters to play. The Playwork Principles (2006) state â€Å"All youngsters and youngsters need to play. The motivation to play is innate†. â€Å"Play is a procedure that is uninhibitedly picked, actually coordinated and naturally roused. Kids and youngsters decide and control the substance and aim of their play by following their impulses, thoughts and interests in their own particular manner and for their own reasons. The youngster picks when and how to play and this is viewed as a natural drive, fundamental to wellbeing and prosperity. † This implies play is viewed as a characteristic sense for a kid and is their method of understanding their general surroundings. Play is something that a youngster decides to do and will do at whatever point and at every possible opportunity. Play happens in all parts of a child’s every day schedule whether they are eating, strolling, talking or in the homeroom. This shows they have a characteristic interest and sense for experience, investigation and energy. Youngsters don't should be offered toys to play, they have the capacity and minds to turn even the least difficult of items, for example, a cardboard box into anything they want, for example, a mansion or dashing vehicle. Break down how play is fundamental for kids and youthful people’s improvement and prosperity. Play is vital for a child’s social, passionate, physical and subjective turn of events. Play is a child’s method of finding out about their own body and their general surroundings. Through p lay they practice key abilities and characteristics, for example, freedom, inventiveness, interest and critical thinking. It is a significant piece of investigating emotions and creating social abilities. Kids will start by playing with lifeless things, for example, dolls or cuddly toys, pretending and collaborating with them which encourages them to rehearse their language aptitudes. We will compose a custom paper test on Understand Playwork Principles explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on Understand Playwork Principles explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on Understand Playwork Principles explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer This permits them to then have the certainty and jargon to proceed onward to playing and associating with other youngsters as they figure out how to share, alternate and start to learn feelings and stress with others. * Explain what is implied by play being an organic, mental, sociological need. Unstructured play empowers youngsters to discover and seek after their own advantages, giving them the opportunity to be what their identity is. It permits them to find their preferences, qualities and shortcomings voluntarily. Free play permits them to become daring people who settle on choices for themselves, helping them to gain from their encounters and disappointments. Each child’s normal sense to play should be sustained to empower them to create. Through play kids learn and create as people and as citizenry, if youngsters are not given enough chance to control their play this can make them have the sentiment of an absence of control in their lives or to need fundamental social and fundamental abilities and can prompt a low confidence as they lack the certainty to do and find things for themselves. Through play kids learn and create as people and as individuals from the network and play additionally builds wellbeing, satisfaction and prosperity. This shows play is an organic, mental, sociological need as an absence of it can have a genuine effect on kids and youthful people’s advancement. Undertaking 2 * Evaluate the significance of the UN Convention on the privileges of the kid corresponding to play arrangement. Play for youngsters is an essential need to investigate, find out about and comprehend their reality. Article 31 of the UN Convention perceives kids and youthful people’s option to rest and relaxation, to take part in play and recreational exercises proper to their age and take an interest unreservedly in social life and expressions of the human experience. To help these standards Play England has created the sanction for children’s play which offers eight explanations of what play implies for youngsters and what we ought to do to elevate their entitlement to improve it. Youngsters reserve the privilege to play. Each kid needs existence to play. Grown-ups should allow kids to play. Youngsters ought to have the option to play unreservedly in their neighborhoods. Kids worth and advantage from staffed play arrangement. Children’s play is enhanced by talented play laborers. Kids need reality to play at school. Youngsters here and there need additional help to make the most of their entitlement to play. These are of incredible significance and are fundamental to the t urn of events and prosperity of a youngster, having the privileges of the kid set up encourages us as playworkers to have something to follow and guarantee that they are being incorporated and accomplished inside the setting. Clarify how playwork associations try to meet the privileges all things considered and youngsters for play. As a playworker it is imperative to have a decent information and comprehension of children’s rights and the lawful structure identifying with them. We should have the option to assess existing approaches to guarantee that the privileges of youngsters and youngsters are being met, this incorporates counseling the kids and youngsters on how the setting can best meet their privileges and making them mindful of how to state them. Youngsters ought to be allowed the chance to uninhibitedly communicate their musings and thoughts and it is significant that these are followed up on where conceivable as this will show the kids and youngsters that you regard and worth their feelings and permit us as playworkers to give a play space and play hardware that they will be content with. For instance permitting youngsters to pick what hardware they might want to play with and what exercises they need to do. Undertaking 3 Explain the significance of a group way to deal with supporting youngsters and youngsters to make play spaces It is imperative to have a group way to deal with supporting kids and youngsters to make play spaces as everybody cooperating will assist with guaranteeing the objective is met and playwork standards are maintained. It is simpler for errands to be practiced rapidly and all the more effectively if everybody functions admirably as a group. It likewise permits consistency for the kids and youngsters a nd sets a positive good example and genuine guide to them as it gives them how they also can cooperate as a group. Each individual is extraordinary and has different characteristics to add to the group, every part can profit something from another individual from the group. It is significant that acclaim is given to other staff individuals who have worked superbly as this will assist with building the groups spirit and cause each play laborer to feel regarded and a legitimate individual from the group. Functioning as a group makes a lovely play space condition for staff, kids and their families. * Explain the job of play laborers going about as promoters for play. The playworkers center capacity is to make a situation which will animate kids and youthful people’s play and expand their chances for a wide scope of play encounters at the same time guaranteeing that we are defending the kids. Pushing for play implies understanding and permitting play to be kid focused and by and by coordinated by the youngsters, permitting them to play with what they need and in the manner that they need. Grown-ups engaged with play ought to consistently advance fairness of chance and try to create hostile to prejudicial practice and uplifting perspectives to the individuals who might be hindered. Play should offer the youngster chances to expand their investigation and comprehension of the more extensive world. * Evaluate various creations a playwork group can use to help kids and youthful people’s play. * Explain the significance of adjusting needs and privileges of individual kids and youngsters with the necessities and privileges of others. As a playworker it is critical to accommodate the necessities and privileges of every individual youngster and youngster and offset it with the requirements and privileges of others. Every kid and youngster is extraordinary and has singular inclinations and necessities. We have to guarantee that satisfactory exercises are given to suit each child’s preferences and inclinations and that they are completely given equivalent play openings fitting for their age. This may mean adjusting a movement to be simpler for a more youthful kid or all the more trying for a more established or progressively capable kid. Each child’s capacity ought to be commended and energized and playworkers ought to consistently advance fairness and opportunity. * Evaluate the effect of playworkers on the play space. It is significant for playworkers to perceive their own effect on the play space and to be distinctly perceptive so as to perceive and react to play ues from kids and when to intercede on an action picking the best technique to suit the circumstance and continually guaranteeing that by doing so we are not limiting play at all. We work to make a situation in which kids and youngsters are allowed to pick how and what they play and do this by giving access to materials and hardware, encouraging play openings that kids will be unable to accomplish all alone and enabling the kids to have command over their own play condition. As playworkers we ought to be continually adjusting or altering the earth to suit the requirements of the youngsters and to guarantee that play will keep on prospering. The more adaptable and alterable the earth is, the more we are permitting the youngsters to assume responsibility for what occurs in their condition and increase certainty. We additionally comprehend the significance of youngsters encountering challenge in their play and guarantee that we bala

Peek Over Our Shoulders What Rioters Are Reading May 24, 2018

Peek Over Our Shoulders What Rioters Are Reading May 24, 2018 In this regular feature, we give you a glimpse of what we are reading this very moment. Here is what the Rioters are reading today (as in literally today). This is what’s on their bedside table (or the floor, work bag, desk, whatevskis). Your TBR list is about to get some new additions. We’ve shown you ours, now show us yours; let us know what you’re reading (right this very moment) in the comment section below! Liberty Hardy Mouthful of Birds: Stories by Samanta Schweblin (Riverhead, January 8, 2019): I am absolutely gaga for Schweblin’s novel Fever Dreamâ€"I’ve read it four times and proudly still have no idea what happensâ€"so yeah, I may have squealed and jumped around when this book arrived at my house. And the cover is WOW WOW WOW. (paperback) Claire Handscombe How to Market a Book by Joanna Penn: I’m finally going to be a published author, and since I’m with a small press, most of the marketing will be down to me. I will not fail you, dear novel! (paperback) Casey Stepaniuk The Paper Menagerie and Other Stories by Ken Liu (Saga Press): Wow this book is making me feel the same way that Nalo Hopkinsons work does, which, if you know me, is like the highest praise. So imaginative and innovative. The last story I read, The Literomancer, just made me weep. I first heard of this collection while listening to the Levar Burton Reads podcast, where he chooses amazing short stories and reads them out loud (Reading Rainbow for grown-ups!). Burton read the title story and I was like, I NEED this book in my life. I was right. (hardcover) Daisy Johnson Black Beauty by Anna Sewell: I know, I know, I’ve read it a thousand times before, but it’s one of those books that I keep coming back to. Plus. I just happened to walk into a bookshop and a lovely old 1935 copy of it just happened to come home with me, so it’d be rude to not read it under the circumstances. (hardcover) Anthony Karcz Hellboy: Wake the Devil by Mike Mignola: Inspired to give the series a reread by a current Hellboy board game Kickstarter (and a timely Comixology sale), Im starting from the beginning of Mignolas masterpiece occult comic series. With 27 graphic novels (not counting the in-universe B.P.R.D. books), its going to take me a while to wend through it all. But with Mignolas expressive art and masterful weaving of occult and folklore into an apocalyptic narrative, Im going to enjoy every second. S.W. Sondheimer My So-Called Bollywood Life by Nisha Sharma: This book is an absolute delight and I’m very much enjoying the twist of the main character, Winnie, walk the line between wanting a future of her own making and wanting to believe in romance and adoration of cultural tradition, that last something we don’t always see in YA or in romance. The characters are realistic in their strengths and weaknesses, their missteps and course corrections and I very much appreciate parental figures who, while strict are also reasonable and loving. Enjoying every second of this one, and since I’m listening on audio, I have the added bonus of partaking in Priya Ayyar’s fantastic performance while I work on cosplay. And drive to work. And ride the parking shuttle… (audiobook) Margaret Kingsbury     Circe by Madeline Miller: I’m jumping on the Circe bandwagon, though I didn’t buy it during the epic pricing mistake of 2018, but checked it out from the library. I always enjoy a good ancient myth retelling, particularly when it’s from a woman’s perspective. (library ebook) Jaime Herndon When Life Gives You Lululemons by Lauren Weisberger (SS, June 5): I admit: I loved The Devil Wears Prada, and when I heard about a book about Emily Charlton (from the original book) was coming out, I had to read it. So far it’s a fun, light read that would be perfect for laying out by the pool or on the beach. It’s interesting for to come back to this story 10+ years later, and note my reactions to reading it. (ARC) Steph Auteri Not That Bad edited by Roxane Gay: As a writer, work that tackles issues of sexual assault and rape culture is very much in my wheelhouse. As a reader, I knew that anything Roxane Gay deemed worthy of choosing for an anthology would be amazing. So far, this theory hasn’t been proved wrong. (paperback) Sarah Nicolas Evangeline of the Bayou by Jan Eldredge:  Kirkus says, “Take bits from the worlds of Harry Potter, Percy Jackson, and Nancy Drew, and set the story in New Orleans, and you’ve got this compelling tale.” That’s a tall order! My last read was very heavy and depressing, so this fun, atmospheric middle grade paranormal is just what I needed. Jamie Canaves My Sister, The Serial Killer by Oyinkan Braithwaite (Doubleday Books, November 13th): The title is amazing. The cover is amazing. I have been dying to read this since I heard about its sale to a publisher. I’m halfway through and it is living up to everything I want it to be and more as Korede is starting to question whether the boyfriends (yup, plural!) her sister has killed were in fact acts of self-defense. (egalley) Elizabeth Allen The Power by Naomi Alderman: Women have spent centuries being oppressed by men. The power has always resided with those who possess the most physical strength. But what if the playing field was not only evened out, but women suddenly had the higher ground? The Power is speculative fiction about what would happen to society if women had a power that could stop abusive, dominant, aggressive men in their tracks and force them to reckon with their past misdeeds. We’ve always known that women are freakin’ superheroes…what would it look like if they had actual super powers? Susie Dumond From Twinkle With Love by Sandhya Menon: I was thoroughly delighted by When Dimple Met Rishi, so I definitely had to pick up Sandhya Menon’s newest YA book. So far, I’m really enjoying it! I’m already charmed by aspiring filmmaker Twinkle; she’s got heart and passion and intelligence, much like Dimple. (egalley) Laura Sackton Eloquent Rage by Brittney Cooper:  I just started this on audio and it’s fantasticâ€"a great mix of personal stories, black feminist thought and analysis, cultural critique. I haven’t gotten into the meat of the book yet, but so far, Cooper has a lot of super smart things to say about rage and anger and the place and usefulness of those emotions in feminism (and especially in black feminism), and about the power of female relationships of all kinds. Her narration is engaging and familiar and full of heart, but I already know this is one I’m going to want to buy in print and underline the hell out of. (audiobook) Leah Rachel von Essen The Night Circus by Erin Morgenstern: This is a reread for me. I read this back in 2011, when it first came out, on my mother’s recommendation, and fell in loveâ€"in 2013, I was lucky enough to see Morgenstern in conversation with Neil Gaiman, and I talked loudly and nervously about her novel as she signed my copy. I like to reread my favorites to remind myself why they’re my favorites, so that when people ask me for recommendations I can be certain of what I’m recommending, and I’m hoping that this reread shows me again why I loved this one so much. (hardcover) Erin McCoy Hitting It by Kathy Lyons:  When I went to a bookish conference in April, I was finally able to pull together all the random bits of romance knowledge loose in my mind and realize that Kathy Lyons and Jade Lee are the same person. How did I not know this!?! I’ve loved Lee’s historical romances for years, so I nabbed this first-in-a-series contemporary romance by Lyons as soon as it became available earlier this month. In Hitting It,  the sensible heroine, Heidi, meets an up-and-coming baseball player, Rob, during a spring break trip to Florida. The two college students take to each other immediately but then go their separate ways after a very short liaison. I’m just far enough into the book that Rob and Heidi are reuniting three years later and, let me tell you, tensions are high! If you like uber-sexy, new adult, or sports romances this one should not be missed. (galley) Elisa Shoenberger Archival Quality by Ivy Noelle Weir and illustrated by Steenz (Oni Press, March 2018): I found this YA graphic novel at my local comic book shop’s recommendations and fell in love. A book combining a spooky museum with a woman as a protagonist? Sign me up! Bonus: It’s a story about woman struggling with mental illness in a real thoughtful way. (paperback) E.H. Kern How to Write an Autobiographical Novel by Alexander Chee: Alexander Chee is one of our time’s most accomplished essay writers. Hands down. How to Write…  takes you on a journey beyond the mere topic of the individual essay. While Chee holds up a mirror to himself as a man and as a writer, he simultaneously manages to catch the reader’s reflection as well, showing us to ourselves. (paperback) Emily Polson Sweet and Low: Stories by Nick White (Blue Rider Press, June 5): Nick White’s debut novel How to Survive a Summer was my pick for our Best Queer Books of 2017 roundup. The author reached out on Twitter to ask if I wanted a galley of his forthcoming short story collection. Yes, please! As someone who studied English lit in the heart of Mississippi, I adore Southern Gothic writing and am always looking to read more contemporary Southern writers. So far the stories are proving quirky and queer in all the right ways. (egalley) Rachel Brittain Fresh Ink: An Anthology, edited by Lamar Giles (Crown Books for Young Readers, August 14): This collection of short stories created in collaboration with We Need Diverse Books is everything I wanted it to be. Sweet and touching and relatable and important. I’m only a few stories in, but I am already loving it. And how could I not with awesome contributors like Nicola Yoon, Daniel José Older, and Sara Farizan? So far my favorite story is “Meet Cute” by Malinda Lo, but I know there are going to be many more great ones to come. (egalley) Eileen Gonzalez The Big, Bad Book of Botany by Michael Largo (William Morrow): This is essentially an encyclopedia of cool plants and their various uses. It’s been sitting on my sister’s bookshelf for ages, and I finally snagged it out of boredom. It’s working out well, though. I’m always on the lookout for plant-based murder weapons…for my writing, of course. (paperback) Alison Doherty Hurts to Love You by Alisha Rai (Avon): Alisha Rai writes some of the best contemporary romance around, with intelligent characters, authentic love, and blush-inducing love scenes. The fact that her love stories are both diverse and feminist AF is big cherry on top. This continuation of her Forbidden Hearts series does not disappoint. Heiress Evie Chandler and tattoo parlor owner Gabriel Hunter both get their worlds turned upside down, spending a week together at a family wedding where just about everything goes wrong…except the feelings that grow between them. (paperback) Tasha Brandstatter The Wedding Date by Jasmine Guillory: Read an awesome review of this book from a book blogger I trust, and the library had it, so yay! (paperback) Rebecca Hussey We Begin Our Ascent by Joe Mungo Reed (Simon Schuster, June 18): This is a must-read for avid cyclists and cycling fans. It’s the story of a man riding in the Tour de France and it gets cycling right (I say as someone who never rode in the Tour but who did do some amateur racing). If you like cycling, you will love this. (paperback ARC) Alice Nuttall Black Dahlia, Red Rose by Piu Eatwell: It’s been, ooh, at least three weeks since I read some true crime, so I picked up Black Dahlia, Red Rose after it came up on my recommendations. I’m only a little way into the book, but it’s a very vivid and evocative depiction of Los Angeles and the people who played a part in attempting to solve this particularly grisly and baffling murder. I’m especially loving learning about Aggie Underwood, one of the very few female journalists who worked the crime beat. Priya Sridhar I Am Jazz by Jazz Jennings:  We rarely, rarely, get a happy real-life story in the mainstream about a transgender child with a supportive family who have fought the world to let her play on the girls soccer team and use the girls bathroom. Jazz didn’t just beat the odds; she and her family made their odds. Her writing is very eloquent, heartbreaking at times, and I can’t wait to finish. (library hardcover) Jessica Pryde His Cocky Valet by Cole McCade: There was no way I wasn’t going to read this book ASAP. Spite is quite the cure for writer’s block, apparently, and the speed at which this was written didn’t take away from the marvelous story. It’s my first Cole McCade/Xen Sanders book, but will definitely not be my last. (ebook) Kathleen Keenan Educated by Tara Westover: I’ve seen this book recommended everywhere, read an essay the author wrote for The Guardian, and had a trusted friend tell me it’s great. Time to read it! So far, Westover’s description of her survivalist Mormon childhood in rural Idaho has pulled me right in. (ebook)

Swarm Intelligence Concepts, Models, and Applications

Swarm Intelligence: Concepts, Models and Applications Technical Report 2012-585 Hazem Ahmed Janice Glasgow School of Computing Queen s University Kingston, Ontario, Canada K7L3N6 {hazem, janice}@cs.queensu.ca February 2012 Report Index 1. 2. Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 2 Swarm Intelligence (SI) Models ......................................................................................... 4 2.1 Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) Model ........................................................................ 4 2.1.1 Ants in†¦show more content†¦39 1 1. Introduction A swarm is a large number of homogenous, simple agents interacting locally among themselves, and their environment, with no central control to allow a global interesting behaviour to emerge. Swarm-based algorithms have recently emerged as a family of nature-inspired, population-based algorithms that are capable of producing low cost, fast, and robust solutions to several complex problems ‎ 1]‎ 2]. Swarm Intelligence [ [ (SI) can therefore be defined as a relatively new branch of Artificial Intelligence that is used to model the collective behaviour of social swarms in nature, such as ant colonies, honey bees, and bird flocks. Although these agents (insects or swarm individuals) are relatively unsophisticated with limited capabilities on their own, they are interacting together with certain behavioural patterns to cooperatively achieve tasks necessary for their survival. The social interactions among swarm individuals can be either direct or indirect ‎ 3]. Examples o f direct interaction are through visual or audio contact, such as [ the waggle dance of honey bees. Indirect interaction occurs when one individual changes the environment and the other individuals respond to the new environment, such as the pheromone trails of ants that they deposit on their way to search for food sources. This indirect type ofShow MoreRelatedEssay On A Wsn-Driven Service Discovery Techniques995 Words   |  4 Pagesthe more suitable of these resources for the issue under the process. The presented technique which is adopted for the purpose of searching and allocating the best available rescue resource for the encountered status is based on service discovery concepts. The simulation experiments reveal that the proposed technique performs well under different operating conditions. Peer-to-Peer Jini for Truly Service-Oriented WSNs This topic [50], introduces a new SOA approach, which is called P2P JiniRead MoreWhy Security Personnel Should Act1693 Words   |  7 Pagesmany practical situations, considering the fact that security personnel should act quickly if something seems to be â€Å"unusual†. Anomalous is a problem which is not fitting into a familiar type, classification or pattern. HOS (Histogram of Oriented Swarm) is used for detecting and localizing anomalous events in videos of crowded scenes. HOS together with the HOG (Histogram of Oriented Gradient) are combined to give a descriptor that helps to effectively characterize each scene. The occurrences of gradientRead MoreArtificial Neural Network Essay937 Words   |  4 PagesIn these project functional models of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) is proposed to aid existing diagnosis methods. ANNs are currently a â€Å"hot† research area in medicine, particularly in the fields of radiology, cardiology, and oncology. In this an a ttempt is made to make use of ANNs in the medical field One of the important goals of Artificial Neural Networks is the processing of information similar to human interaction actually neural network is used when there is a need for brain capabilitiesRead MoreThe Development Of Artificial Intelligence1450 Words   |  6 Pagesof artificial intelligence in recent years, there has been a growing interest in algorithms inspired by the observation of natural phenomena. We can see that all the algorithms are good replacements as method to solve complex computational problems. Various heuristic approaches have been adopted by researches including genetic algorithm (Holland 1975), simulated annealing (Kirkpatrick et al. 1983), immune system (Farmer et al. 1986), ant system (Dorigo et al. 1996) and particle swarm optimizationRead MoreTaking a Look at MapReduce3293 Words   |  13 Pagesmulti-tasking applications. For parallel processing, the MapReduce design concept is quite suitable for use with particle swarm algorithm with parallel computing concept combined. Therefore, this study will use Hadoop platform, raised MRuPSO algorithm, it was integrated PSO (Particle Swarm Optimization) and MapReduce architecture. In this study, we focused on the typical Computational Intelligence algorithm: Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). PSO is a useful utility swarm intelligence algorithm, whichRead MoreA Research Study On Machine Learning Community, The Decision Tree Algorithms, Quinlan s Id3 And Its Successor Essay1462 Words   |  6 Pagescritically reviewed. Finally, the research problems in streaming mining field of study are discussed. These research issues should be addressed in order to realize robust systems that are capable of fulfilling the needs of data stream mining applications. The main aim is to explore the data for testing a specific hypothesis. The machine learning field came into existence with advancement in computing power. So, the goal is to achieve efficient solutions to data analysis problems. There are someRead MoreUsing Computers For Optimize Design And New Systems3669 Words   |  15 Pagesoptimization-algorithm may at times be redundant since the optimization algor ithm has already produced a satisfactory solution for the individual system. However, if the optimized algorithm is general enough that it can be reused on future systems, then its application becomes beneficial in minimizing future execution time or resources. Optimization algorithms are fundamental processes in data analysis, engineering, and business whose importance is not well known to the general public. Despite the public’s generalRead MoreThe Costly Damage of Flooding1184 Words   |  5 Pagesapproach). Hydrologic stream routing is based on the storage concept, and conversely, hydraulic channel routing is based on the principles of mass and momentum conservation. In predicting a particular hydrograph on its passage through a river reach, any flood modeling will involve a number of assumptions and simplifications. For many rivers, topographic information neither exit nor are readily available and consequently the use of dynamic models has some limitations (Barati, 2013). In addition, a closeRead MoreTechnim Analysis In Algorithm1187 Words   |  5 Pagessuitable. This is only possible if the test suite is large enough to include a wide variety of problems, such as unimodal, multimodal, regular, irregular, separable, non-sepa rable and multi-dimensional problems. Optimization algorithms based on swarm intelligence, known as meta-heuristic algorithms, gained popularity in solving complex and high dimensional optimization problems years ago. Because the performance of most of the meta-heuristic methods are independent of the initial solutions and are derivativeRead MoreThe Swarm Based Routing Algorithms1441 Words   |  6 PagesBIOINSPIRED SWARM BASED ROUTING ALGORITHMS IN VANETs Arshpreet Kaur*, Er. Navroz Kaur Kahlon** *(Computer Engineering Department, UCOE, Punjabi University, Patiala) ** (Asst. Prof. Computer Engineering Department, Punjabi University, Patiala) (Email: *arshrai90@gmail.com, **Kahlon.navroz3@gmail.com) Abstract-Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) play main role in the design and development of the Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) who improves the road safety and transportation productivity

Rhetorical Analysis Of The Law Of Moses - 1745 Words

Exodus is often looked at as being a book about how all the complaining and grumbling that the Israelites did after God rescued them for the hands of Egypt, while punishing the Pharaoh and the Egyptians for their worshiping of other gods. God laid out the Ten Commandments to guide His holy people. While the heart of men was still full of sin God gave His people the Law of Moses to guide them and to help set up their civil courts. The Law of Moses are boundaries set by God to keep His people faithful to Him. Reading biblical law integrates three research groups, law, jurisprudence, and literary theory. While giving a new method of interpretation. It focuses on the character and events and how they are described. While rhetorical elements serve to expound on the content, the communication process through the writer to give the law to the audience. Casuistic law, consists of the state of affairs with a prescribed legal consequence that presents a social problem. There is a consent dial ogue between the writer and the audience of the law. Going further than changing people’s actions to influencing the consciousness, and changing behavior (Bartor,2012). The emphasis will be on Exodus 23:1-3, and how the Law is interpreted, while discussing if a later editor added this section of Exodus. Exodus 23:1-3 states, â€Å"You must not spread a false report. Do not join the wicked to be a malicious witness. You must not follow a crowd in wrongdoing. Do not testify in a lawsuit and go alongShow MoreRelatedAn Analysis of Nonviolent Resistance839 Words   |  4 PagesAn Analysis of â€Å"Nonviolent Resistance† The â€Å"Nonviolent Resistance† written by Martin Luther King Jr. shows the three ways people use to deal with oppression. The first one is acquiescence, which merely increases the oppressor’s contempt. The second way is violence, which merely creates new and more problems. And the third way is nonviolent resistance, which is the way to guide Negro to harmonic race relations. Because nonviolent resistance reconciles the acquiescence and violence, it makesRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of The Word Of The Lord Came From Me ! Essay1435 Words   |  6 PagesStudy the literary/narrative/rhetorical function of the expression The word of the Lord came to me! Introduction: The word of God or human word? Given that the ancient canonization of the sacred Scriptures was compiled by human beings (editors) and of course, not without human elements and limitations, would that imply then, that one needs scientific, literary and critical methods to determine what these ancient authors meant when they expressed for example, that the word of God came to them? InRead MoreCritical Analysis: Letter from Birmingham Jail1191 Words   |  5 PagesCritical Analysis Essay â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail† In arguing, writers use different techniques to effectively convey their message to their intended audience. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.s Letter from Birmingham Jail was a response to A Call for Unity by eight white clergymen in which King’s presence in Birmingham and his methods of public demonstration were questioned. King’s letter was not only a response to his presence in Birmingham, but he also used the opportunity to address theRead MoreThe Word Of God And The Sacred Scriptures Essay1204 Words   |  5 Pagesimply then, that one needs scientific, literary and critical methods to determine what these ancient authors meant when they expressed for example, that the word of God came to them? In this context, this study will explore the literary/narrative/rhetorical meanings of the expression ‘the word of God came to me as related in some prophetic books. First, the principle tenet of this study will focus on the connotation of the phrase ‘the word of Godâ €™, secondly it will reference how some prophets suchRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Martin Luther King Jr.1046 Words   |  5 PagesRhetorical Analysis Essay Civil rights activist, Martin Luther King Jr. gave his memorable â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech while standing at the feet of the Lincoln Memorial in Washington D.C. His uplifting speech is one of the most admired during the civil rights era and arguably one of the best in American history. On August 28th, 1963, Martin Luther King Jr. spoke about the true American dream: equality. Although the video of his oral spectacle is powerful, the written document portrays exactly howRead MoreThe Visual Encyclopedia Of Late Roman Art1823 Words   |  8 Pagesintricate and more complex depictions of pagan mythological sequences displayed on other sarcophagi. But taken together, the juxtaposition of Daniel and Noah conveys just as complicated of a message. They constitute a â€Å"visual discourse† that has â€Å"rhetorical and literary parallels† with the message their biblical stories convey—primarily, rebirth and salvation. It is fitting, then, that they are fou nd on a tomb. In this way, they most certainly connect to the surrounding Roman world, but in an inherentlyRead More ROMANS 9:6-13 Essay4798 Words   |  20 Pages it is not necessary to discuss beyond the context). Next, a proposed translation of the text is done highlighting the variants that exists in the passage. Then, a socio-rhetorical analysis using inner texture and intertexture will be used to draw out a clearer understanding of the passage. Finally, with the help of the analysis, the meaning of true Israel and the understanding of sovereign election will be discussed. This understanding of this focus is fundamental in correcting, if any, the misinterpretationRead MoreBiblical Allusions in Lord of the Flies2536 Words   |  11 Pageshis fate is obvious when Piggy asks the boys the rhetorical question, â€Å"that little ‘un that had a mark on his face–where is–he now?† The ‘beast’ personifies the developing evil in Lord of the Flies. In the beginning of the book the beast takes the shape of a â€Å"snake-thing† which is the very shape that Satan takes when trying to persuade Eve to eat fruit from the tree of knowledge in the book of Genesis. When Eve disobeys God, she breaks his law and is expelled from Eden. The boys also start toRead More The Leadership Lessons of Jesus Christ Essay4531 Words   |  19 Pagesthem to attract and mobilize others to undertake tasks these people never dreamed they could undertake. (To Lead or Not to Lead, Unit One 36) Jesus had infectious self-confidence that attracted all types of people to his cause. A teacher of the law said to Jesus, â€Å"Teacher, I will follow your wherever you go† (Matt. 8:19). He was also an optimist: Jesus said, â€Å"But seek first his kingdom and his righteousness, and all these things will be given to you as well† (Matt. 6:33). He was an idealist; hisRead MoreLeadership Lessons of Jesus Christ4625 Words   |  19 Pagesallow them to attract and mobilize others to undertake tasks these people never dreamed they could undertake. (To Lead or Not to Lead, Unit One 36) Jesus had infectious self-confidence that attracted all types of people to his cause. A teacher of the law said to Jesus, â€Å"Teacher, I will follow your wherever you go† (Matt. 8:19). He was also an optimist: Jesus said, â€Å"But seek first his kingdom and his righteousness, and all these things will be given to you as well† (Matt. 6:33). He was an idealist; his

Managing Your Time †The Essential Guide Free Essays

Successful students know that University isn’t just about knowing how to write an essay or pass an exam – but balancing your academic work life – lectures and seminars, presentations and research, coursework and revision – with part-time jobs, your fitness, friends and family (oh and occasionally some fun). So how do these top students stay on top of some many things competing for their timeWell there are a few simple techniques they use, and today we show you how: Get time under control To manage your time successfully, you need to get informed about: What you have to do (e.g. We will write a custom essay sample on Managing Your Time – The Essential Guide or any similar topic only for you Order Now assignments, seminar reading, paid work) When they have to be done (e.g. deadlines, lecture seminar times) How to fit them into the time you have (dividing up available time) Remember much of the information you need will also be accessible online, on Blackboard or via your Dept’s website. If you can’t find information about deadlines, referencing etc, ask your tutor or your dept secretaries. Don’t guess – guessing wrong could cost you marks. Plan to meet your deadlines If you only had one academic assignment to complete in a term, planning to meet your deadline would be relatively easy! The key to meeting all your deadlines is to keep yourself informed about what, how and when you have to do things, and to have systems to keep everything under control. These need to be simple so that you’ll actually use them. The simplest system is to make an A4 plan to pin up somewhere you will constantly see it. Start by entering deadlines for your assignments so you can see when your busy times will be. include seminars and presentations you need to prepare for. In the ‘Remember’ column, add any events which you need to take into account when planning, e.g. family birthdays, social events, Hall formals, sports fixtures etc. Decide on the major tasks you need to complete for each of your deadlines, and roughly how long you need to spend on each. Fit them into the ‘Targets’ column, working back from the deadline. To help you work out the tasks you need to do, and how much time you can allow for each, try this interactive assignment planning tool from the University of Kent – ASK. There are many electronic tools you can use to help you plan your time: Yourmobile phone will usually have a calendar function, you can use it to store memos (even record short voice messages to yourself) and to set up reminders with alarms for tasks and lecture times. Anonline web-based calendar like Google Calendar can be accessed at any computer, or via a smartphone. Or if you have your own laptop, use something like Microsoft Outlook. iPhonesand iPads have their own built-in calendars. Even simple tools like the alarm function onyour watch can be set to remind you about meetings and events. There are also an ever-growing number of online tools and apps that can help you to plan and use your time more efficiently. Remember the Milk is an online task manager – you can get the basic version for free. It also comes as an app for smartphones, and for iPads. Another excellent online organiser that can also be downloaded as an app is Evernote. This allows you to collate notes that you make anywhere, at any time and in a variety of ways. If you use it to capture a quote from a text, don’t forget to add the bibliographic details for your referencing. To keep on top of your Library activity, download a free app called BookMyne. You can use this to search the Library catalogue, place a hold or renew your loans – you can even set it up to tell you when your books are due back. The simplest way to get a clear visual overview of the time you have and the tasks you need to fit into it is to have something like a wall planner that you can fix up somewhere you will see it every day (e.g. above your desk). Making a study timetable One of the biggest time wasters is when you spend time trying to decide whether to study now or later. If you schedule your study times in advance, you won’t be wasting time each day deciding whether and when to study. Book study times into your timetable with lectures and seminars, as academic commitments. Make a week plan with columns for each day of the week, and rows for ‘Morning’, ‘Afternoon’ and ‘Evening’. You can download a Word template for a week plan here. Enter lectures, seminars and other fixed academic commitments. Add regular commitments like paid work, club meetings, sports fixtures and training. Mark up times which you are going to commit to as study sessions. A good target to aim at is five two hour sessions a week. Plan to be flexible – if something else comes up, you can trade a study session with a free session. You will probably have busy weeks when you need to add more sessions, and quiet weeks when you can claim time back. Choose your best times to study – most people have a time of day when they are more focused (often in the mornings), and a time when they find it hard to concentrate (often after lunch). Trying to process or write a complicated text when your brain isn’t working well is a waste of time, and can be depressing and discouraging. Work out your best thinking times, and use them for tasks that need more concentration. â€Å"Timetables don’t work for me†. You may find it works better for you if you keep an overall tally of the hours you spend studying in a week. add more study times, or give yourself more free time as necessary. Getting organised and informed If you’ve taken the trouble to plan your time, you won’t want to waste it because you can’t find the things or information you need. Have a simple filing system – if it’s complicated, you won’t use it. One way is to use a box file for each module to keep lecture notes, handouts, notes from reading, photocopies, even small books. Stick lecture/seminar times, rooms, and deadlines inside the lid. Social bookmarking can help you keep track of the hundreds of useful websites you’ll come across so you can find them quickly when you need them – you may not need help with finance or a guide to referencing now, but when you do you’ll be pleased you know how to find it. Social bookmarking allows you to save useful website addresses on a web server so that you can access them from any computer, to add new ones when you find them, or go to sites you’ve already marked. This is better than saving them to My Favourites as that only saves them onto the computer you are using at the time. You can usually organise your bookmarks into categories (e.g. general University websites, course-related websites, websites for your own interests) and you can share them with others, for instance if you were working on a group project. There are various social bookmarking sites that you can sign up to for free. Two of the most popular ones are Delicious and Stumbleupon. Decide on your spaces for study just as you decided on times for study. Find a place that works well for you. If you can, keep it as a space just for studying, so you can have all the necessary things close at hand. If it’s somewhere where other people might interrupt, it helps to have a way to let them know that you are working now but will be free later. Finally – remember that things usually take longer than you think! If you find you don’t need all the time you’ve allotted, it’s extra free time. How to cite Managing Your Time – The Essential Guide, Essay examples

Veneration with or without understanding free essay sample

One of the most debatable issues of today is Dr. Jose Rizal’s legitimacy as the Philippines’ National Hero. Renato Constantino pointed out facts contradicting Rizal’s appointment in his article Veneration without Understanding. The main argument being that since Rizal did not lead the 1986 revolution, he is not worthy enough to be the national hero. Constantino pointed out that almost all national hero of the world are revolutionary heroes and if you did not lead a revolution, your chances of becoming as the national hero is very little. While it is true that Rizal did not want a revolution as proven when he said â€Å"I cannot do less than condemn this uprising†¦ which dishonours us Filipinos, and discredits those that could plead our cause†¦Ã¢â‚¬  he did have countless achievements of his own that rightly qualifies him as the national hero. Armando Malay refuted Constantino’s claims in his article Veneration with Understanding where he said, â€Å"A man becomes a hero, or a national hero, not because he leads a revolution – but because he is admired for his achievements and noble qualities, and considered a model or ideal. Rizal was a novelist, poet, ophthalmologist, journalist and sculptor, among any others. He has had far too many achievements that the Filipino people greatly admired him for, to the point that the need to put him into a higher regard arose. His myriad achievements standing out among others made him into what an admirable icon he is today. Constantino limited the criteria of becoming the national hero to just being a revolutionary one. It is true that Rizal did not want any part in the revolution because he wanted a less harmful way in gaining Philippine Independence. Moreover, to rule him out of the national hero position due to this reason is unacceptable. The American-made One of Constantino’s main points in his article is the fact that Rizal is an American-sponsored National Hero. In Theodore Friend’s book Between Two Empires, Taft â€Å"chose Rizal over the too militant Aguinaldo, too radical Bonifacio and unregenerate Mabini†. The Americans easily accepted Rizal’s proclamation, as they knew he could not oppress the American government that time. And upon his dramatic exile and martyrdom, he instantly became the symbol of the Spanish oppression. In return, the focus on him being the national hero would also divert the American oppression to the Spanish oppression, which he symbolizes. In Malay’s defense, though, the Philippine revolutionary government already honored Rizal when Aguinaldo declared the day of his death as a day of mourning. In addition, Rizal was the honorary president of the Katipunan wherein he is already regarded as a hero. Prior to Rizal’s proclamation, Filipinos already had a high regard for him even if he was not part of the revolution. The Elitist Rizal was a part of the Ilustrados or the enlightened ones. He was part of the Filipino educated class during the Spanish colonial period. Constantino cited that Rizal, as an Ilustrado, condemned the Revolution because he underestimated the power of the people. Constantino also pointed out that Rizal’s idea of liberty was demanding the right of freedom not because it is a national right but because it is something deserved by the Filipinos. It is wrong for Constantino to assume that Rizal, being one of the elites, had a sub-conscious disrespect for the Filipinos’ ability to enunciate their own demands. In a way, Rizal helped in bridging the gap between the educated and the non-educated ones. In his novels Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo, Rizal exposed the injustices of the Spanish catholic priests and the government. The effect of his writings is still evident until today as the Filipinos strived hard to gain the independence they are experiencing at the present. Another of Constantino’s points is that Rizal â€Å"chose Spain as the arena of their struggle instead of working among their own people, educating them, helping them realize their own condition, and in articulating their own aspirations. † This is another one of Constantino’s unjust criterion in being a national hero. National heroes need not to work among his own people in order for him to be referred as one. As Malay had rebutted this out, â€Å"There is a difference between the main characters in a novel and those whom the author would set up as a model for emulation. The heroes in Rizal’s novels were not Ibarra, Maria Clara or Fray Damaso and Fray Salvi. In contradistinction, Rizal gave us Elias, a man of the masses; Father Florentino, a Filipino priest; Juli and Sisa, and many other, who all sprang from the masses. † Rizal may have brought up in a better community where he was fortunate enough to receive the right to education, but he is still part of the masses. He did so by addressing the concerns of the Filipinos the best way he know how and that is through his writing. The Ilustrados certainly did not worked in Spain to isolate themselves from the masses of the country, but they did so to get ideas for reforms firsthand. It is true that the Filipinos were poorly represented out during the National Hero selection, but Rizal is still as qualified, if not more, as the other candidates. If Rizal were alive today, though, it would not be so much of an issue to him whether he is the national hero or not. After all, the Filipinos already gained the Independence they once all longed for.

Best Minimalist Backpacks for Students

Best Minimalist Backpacks for Students The backpack is an extremely useful and convenient thing, which should be in the arsenal of every active student. It is  handy not only for going to classes  but also for commuting and  traveling. There are backpacks for different purposes, sizes, and price on our list so that you will be able to choose the best option for your needs. TOM BIHN DAYLIGHT BACKPACK Although it has been designed for hiking expeditions, this backpack is also perfect for commuting to work. It features qualitative plastic zippers, nylon exterior, and enough space to fit a laptop with 13† screen. HEIMPLANET MONOLITH MINIMAL DAYPACK If you are looking for an elegant backpack that can be in use for several years, you should definitely consider this variant. It is made of Cordura and features weather-resisting zippers. In addition to that, it has three pockets and a convenient organizer grid for small items. RAINS BACKPACK IN SMOKE The stylish accessory for urban life. An excellent choice for those who need to commute to work every day and want an elegant backpack to put their belongings. It is slightly smaller than other variants, but it has enough room for everything you may need in a city. THE NORTH FACE KABAN Do you consider yourself a globe-trotter? Then, this backpack should be your first consideration. It has two side pokers to store bottles of water, FlexVent shoulders, and plenty of zippered pockets. Thus, it makes any journey a little more comfortable. AER FIT PACK 2 Sportsmen and avid gym visitors will find it very useful. Made of Cordura nylon and being water-resistant, it is definitely a durable backpack. Several sections make it convenient for carrying a laptop, clothes, and even shoes if needed. BELLROY CLASSIC BACKPACK A brand, known for its minimalist wallets, has also presented a stylish backpack that will be handy for commuters. It is not very large in size, but it easily fits a laptop with 15† screen. Made of leather and polyester, it is both stylish and practical. ARKTYPE DASHPACK Are you tired of having your belongings wet because of the constant rain in your region? Try Arktype Dashpack. It is made of water-resisting nylon and features waterproof zippers, so your thing will be dry and save in it. BROOKS ENGLAND HACKNEY The backpack from an Italian brand has a stylish design, and genuine leather makes it extremely elegant. In addition to being trendy, it is very practical. There are three inner compartments, and several smaller pockets it in. What is more, it has a separate pocket for a laptop. PORTER-YOSHIDA CO. BEAT DAY PACK A backpack from Japanese brand meets the expectations of many students, who need to commute. It features two large compartments and a front zipped pocket. Made of qualitative materials it is perfect for everyday use. COTE CIEL ISAR M Being unique in style, it is suitable for bright individuals who want to stand out from the crow. It has a futuristic design that catches an eye. What is more, it has special compartments for documents and accessories.

Making Friends Essays - Friendship, Acceptance, Personality Type

Making Friends Essays - Friendship, Acceptance, Personality Type Making Friends The process of making a friend is a very unique one. It depends on the person one is trying to become friends with, it depends on one's gender, it depends on one's age, but most importantly it depends one's personality. Every individual is different and how they make friends differs just as greatly. The way I make friends depends heavily on my personality. As an introverted person, I tend to first meet potential friends through what I call forced association. After the initial meeting, I evaluate them and determine whether or not I think they should be my friend. Bonding, specifically male bonding, follows and acceptance is the final stage. Before I can delve into the sometimes mysterious process of becoming friends with someone, I have to divulge some personal information. I am a great believer in personality typing: the theory that a great majority of people fall into one personality type or another. A complete analysis of my personality is not within the scope of this essay, but suffice it to say that I am very introverted. This does not mean I am anti-social, it merely means that new and non-routine interaction with others taxes my energy. The process of making a new friend is by definition a new and non-routine interaction, therefore it is quite difficult for me to initiate the process. This is where the concept of forced interaction comes in. By forced interaction, I mean a situation where another person and I are placed in an environment where we have no choice but to interact with each other. The largest and most important type of forced interaction for me is school, and more specifically, classes. It is impossible to be completely separate from other students in a class. Consequently, I met all my best friends in school (of course, it was a place that I spent most of my time so it is not a big surprise). Another type of forced interaction comes when you meet a friend of one of your friends. It would be extremely rude to not interact with someone that your friend considered to be friend. That is the way that I met a very close friend of mine and one who I will use as an example of my friend-making process throughout this essay. His name is Andres and I originally met him through another friend of mine, Josh. We were all going to the same high school next year (more forced association), so it was only natural for Josh to try to have us all become friends. But I was not friends with Andres when I first met him. I had to figure out who he was before that could happen. Evaluation has always been very important to me. I constantly evaluate and re-evaluate myself, my friends, my schoolwork, and so forth, almost to the point of obsession. I am ruthlessly self- critical and it is only natural that this same criticism would extend to those I consider my friends. Before I can become friends with someone, I have to determine whether or not I want to be friends with them. I have been told that this is an extremely arrogant way of conducting relationships, but I find any other way to be lacking. If one's own needs in a relationship are not met then it is impossible for them to fulfill other's. The first step in evaluation is the establishment of common ground. It is very unlikely that I will become even casual friends with someone who I have nothing in common with. The more important to me the commonality is, the more likely I will desire to become close friends with someone. One of the first things I look for is intelligence. Part of my personality is the love of intelligence, which means: doing things well in varying circumstances. A very important part of a friendship for me is intellectual stimulation. If it is missing, the friendship will invariably begin to wane. So intelligence and knowledge are two things I look for almost immediately in a new acquaintance. Andres possesses both of these qualities and he possesses them in areas that we both find interesting. Both of us have an aptitude for the sciences. This contributed greatly to me finding him worthy to be my friend. But knowledge and skills alone make a person boring, so I also look for common personality traits. A love of humor is also necessary, as is a low degree of self-monitoring: the degree to which people change to match their surroundings. I am extremely low in that area

Adjusting to Terrorism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Adjusting to Terrorism - Essay Example The U.S Department of Defense defines terrorism as the â€Å"unlawful use of force or violence against person or property to intimidate or coerce a government, the civilian population or any segment thereof, in furtherance of political or social objectives† (Levine, 2001). In the context, it is suggestive that the goal of terrorism may vary, including the possible take over of the terrorists in the administration. The September 11 attack dubbed for serious threat in humanity of the harm those terrorists able to do. Bush administration proposed doctrines in the U.S. Foreign Policy. However, the continuous social mishaps brought by terrorists in certain parts of neighboring countries deny the effectiveness of the policy, which also raised serious questions of its reliance (Eitzen and Zinn, 2004). Proposals to Combat Terrorism Through numerous filed case of terrorists’ attacks, in addressing this issue, could already lead the intellects to come up with the possible strategies and proposal for its combat. Islamic extremists is one of the many possible sources of terrorism, it is suggestive to concentrate on this substance, as to neutralize its current threat. In this type of cold war, military strength and missile shield are not the answer. Overwhelming military and economic dominance did not guarantee protection from nineteen men who hijacked four planes with plastic knives, and turned them into guided missiles (Eitezen and Zinn, 2004). Responding to the similar violent attacks would not benefit any of the fighting forces, but most like likely it will just resume to never-ending violence. In a strict strategic of terrorists, the savage response could be their anticipation to win sympathy and converts to their cause (Lewis, 2001). The most effective way to deal with terrorism is to address its root causes. Social scholars like Stanley Eitzenn and Maxine Baca Zinn, through their work Social Problems, Ninth Edition, (2004) suggested that it’s about time for

Teratech Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Teratech - Case Study Example The first provider to tap these advance resources would gain a bigger share in the market, lead the CRM service industry and have the first market entrant advantage. In the first quarter of 2005, Teratech aimed to go beyond the basic CRM functions and venture into modeling and analytics. The growth opportunities in predictive modeling and analytical CRM software is very big for the five-year-old company. Grabbing this opportunity would give a strategic advantage to Teratech, since the company is considered as a CRM expert for the pharmaceutical industry. According to Teratech's CEO, Jack Dwyer, developing a new analytical CRM product would assure the stakeholders continued sales and revenue growths as well as market leadership in the industry, while compensating the declining sales in the last quarter of the previous year. The new product is one of his corporate strategies for continued success of the organization. He is looking forward to an exceptional business performance of the company for three years. Jack Dwyer is a self-made man, who worked his way up to become a respected CIO in his previous job before he founded Teratech. He is a successful man with a 20-year experience in a leading technology service firm and a bold vision for Teratech's future. His vision for Teratech is to become the preferred solutions provider for pharmaceutical companies and the forerunner in the industry. This is the ideal end-state goal of Teratech. With the development of a new analytical software, Teratech's customers can identify trends, understand customer behavior, explore simulated scenarios and predict outcomes. This software would complete the company's CRM package of product functionality and analytical capability. The package is very marketable and salable to loyal customers as well as new recruits, as shown by the optimism of the sales team members. This would enhance the company's competitiveness in the market. The existing products and the development of a new analytical application software would answer to the vision of the CEO and help the company achieve its goal. However, development of a new product does not end on the salespeople. New product development is a company wide operation. It also involves other teams such as marketing, finance, human resource, and technology development teams. The marketing team is optimistic that the new product would answer the customer's concerns on the current product and return on their investment. The relatively new concept of CRM in pharmaceuticals and pharmacy-related industries is still at its infancy stage and the customers are still uncertain on its applicability. The development of the new product would assure the customers of its added benefit. The pharmaceutical companies would be able to maximize the value of their customer and market data as well as enhance their marketing strategy for optimum effectiveness. In the ultra-competitive environment of the pharmaceutical industry, the new product can address both the effectiveness and efficiency of their marketing campaigns. The success of the new product in the market would boost Teratech's expertise and market image, such that, the marketing team are challenged to cater new industries and access new technologies. Finding new markets or even creating a new one would be a blue ocean strategy for the team. Furthermore, Christine

Feminist Perspective on the Family

Feminist Perspective on the Family A Woman/s Place Was in the Home: Has Feminism Finished the Family? Government debates and some religious discourse harks back to what Finch (1989) has described as the myth of a golden age of the family. Various studies on the family tend to suggest that in Western societies family forms have differed depending on wider social events such as the Industrial Revolution and also demographically. In England for example, family patterns in rural areas and in poor areas differ from those in more affluent areas. In poorer areas families are more likely to involve wider relationships such as grandparents and aunts and uncles. During the nineteenth century the idea of the nuclear family became the most prevalent. This is what is often referred to as the traditional family and the source of what have been called traditional values. It is this family form that has attracted the most criticism, especially from feminists. Even without a feminist critique there have been widespread experiences of changes in the UK and other Western countries during the last forty years concerning marriage, household, and family forms. These are changes that would have been unimaginable before the Second World War (Giddens, 2001). People wait longer before getting married and more people are less likely to marry than used to be the case. What has been called second wave feminism began in the 1960s. Many of its opponents argue that it is feminism which has led to a drop in the number of marriages, greater divorce rates among those who do marry, and a consequent rise in the number of single parent families. Before the late 1960s having a child out of wedlock was still a source of great social shame but during the closing years of the twentieth century the number women who had children but were not married continued to rise. Figures available for 1997 indicate that at that time this group made up 42% of all lone parent households (Social Trends, 2000). Although feminism has been cited as the cause of such changes, this criticism is based on the view that the â €˜traditional’ family was an eternal form until women challenged this view. This paper will begin with a definition of key concepts. It will then look at the concept and history of the family. It will examine the notion that a woman’s place was in the home until the advent of feminism. It will look at different family forms and then assess whether feminism has brought about the end of traditional ideas of the family. Family Murdock 1949 describes a family in the following way: The family is a social group characterized by common residence, economic co-operation and reproduction. It includes adults of both sexes, at least two of whom maintain a socially approved sexual relationship, and one or more children, own or adopted, of sexually cohabiting adults (Murdock, 1949).[1] Family forms vary across societies but theorists maintain that the most prevalent form is the nuclear family described below. Larger family units are referred to as extended families. Feminism Women have argued for equal rights with men since the 18th Century when Mary Wollstonecraft (1792) wrote her Vindication of the Rights of Women. Other women followed in her stead, the most famous being the Pankhurst sisters and the suffragettes who fought for women’s right to vote (Abbott andWallace, 1997). Modern feminism began in the 1960s with the work of American writer Betty Frieden (1965) and this has come to be known as second wave feminism. Alister McGrath (1993) has written that, Feminism has come to be a significant component of modern western culture. At its heart, feminism is a global movement working towards the emancipation of women. The older term for the movement-womens liberation- expressed the fact that it is at heart a liberation movement directing its efforts toward achieving equality for women in modern society, especially through the removal of obstacles-including beliefs, values, and attitudes- which hinder that process (McGrath, 1993:111). The Concept and History of the Family The family is the primary place of socialization and the place where children are introduced to the norms and values of a given society (Talcott Parsons,1951). Parsons work referred to what has come to be known as the nuclear family. Nuclear families consist of parents and children living together, family members ostensibly provide mutual love and support. It is this support that enables individual family members to contribute to society and lead productive lives (Giddens, 2001). In the nuclear family one of the adults is employed outside the home and there should be an unrestricted sharing of income (Cheal, 1991).Theorists such as Murdock (1949 cited in Giddens, 2001) have argued that traditional concepts of the family are to be found in all societies and that the family is a necessary and central institution in society. Whether one regards traditional notions of the family as being pertinent to all societies depends largely on how the family is defined, certainly it might be argued that the nuclear model is no longer the norm in contemporary society. Willmott and Young (1957) undertook what has come to be regarded as one of the most important studies on the sociology of the family in Britain. The work investigated families and family life in East London during the 1950s. The study was undertaken at a time when housing policies and greater financial rewards meant that when a couple married they were able to set up home on their own. Increased geographical mobility also meant that many young couples lived a good distance from their families. As a consequence of this and the fact that more women were working outside the home it was argued that the division of labour in the home was changing, as more women went out to work so men would take on more domestic chores. Willmott and Young (1957) believed tha t the family would become a more democratic institution where work, finance, and family responsibilities were shared. Willmott and Young maintained that with the passing of time the family would become more symmetrical i.e. that the changing nature of men and women’s roles would mean that their family roles would become interchangeable (Abbott and Wallace, 1997). Feminists challenge this view Walby (1990) maintains that the family is still a site of oppression for women and that this is the place where their roles are perpetuated. Furthermore, feminist writers such as Abbott and Wallace (1997) have argued that the nuclear model of the family is too narrow. They also claim that such a concept neglects the fact that not all family members experience life in the same way, or receive equal measures of support. Goode (1963)argues that social systems such as the family, are powerful agents of control because to some extent their existence is founded on force. Within social systems such as the family this is often unrecognized, because it is hidden it is effective. Gittens (1992) is of the opinion that in modern Britain: Ideals of family relationships have become enshrined in our legal, social, religious and economic systems which, in turn, reinforce the ideology and penalise or ostracise those who transgress it (Gittens, 1992, p.74). The Family and Ideology In pre-industrial society most of the household chores were undertaken by children. There was little distinction between home and work, the private and public spheres, families generally worked the land and they did this together. The rise of industrialization and the growth of the towns brought massive changes to what had constituted the family and family life up until that time. Oakley (1981) maintains that the coming of the factories replaced the family as the unit of production. In 1819 the Factory Act was introduced and this resulted in the growing dependence of children, and also to women’s increased dependence on men and their restriction to the private sphere. During the 19th and early 29th Centuries there was a growing resistance to the employment of married women as wage earners. This was because working women were perceived as threatening to male employment and so there was pressure to keep them at home (Hacker, 1972). The nineteenth century witnessed the embedding of gender roles which were epitomized in men’s idealisation of the feminine. Women were seen to be both physically and emotionally weaker than men and therefore not suited to the same roles. The following is a rationalization for men’s idealistic views of women and why they were confined to the home. No woman can or ought to know very much of the mass of meanness and wickedness and misery that is loose in the wide world. She could not learn it without losing the bloom and freshness which it is her mission in life to preserve (Quoted in Hudson, 1970:53-4). Victorian ideology said that women were created to help men and this became the rationalization for their confinement to the home. To start with this primarily affected the middle classes, as the century progressed, however, the working classes were also subjected to this ideology. Oakley (1981) maintains that this had the effect of locking women into the housewife role, further cementing the growing ideology of gender roles. Murdock (1949 in Giddens, 2001) argued that gender roles are the natural result of the biological differences between men and women. Such differences, he maintained, made the sexual division of labour the most sensible way of organising society. This view became endemic in society and has affected much Government policy. When Margaret Thatcher came to power in 1979 the Conservatives were calling themselves the party of the family. They maintained that people should be discouraged from cohabitation or from homosexuality and supported the patriarchal nuclear famil y where the father was the person to enforce behavioural standards. Even though single parent families, extended families and reconstituted families were becoming more prevalent at the time these were not regarded as the norm or as desirable (Abbott and Wallace, 1997). Barrett and McIntosh (1980) have argued that ideas centred on a man being able to earn enough to support a family benefited the capitalist economy and the working man at the expense of women. They maintain that this idea of a family wage is still embedded in society and has been a major aspect of women’s inequality with men. The idea that a man was entitled to earn a family wage but women were not has meant that women have, (and still do in a number of areas) earn less than men. Furthermore, the low pay which accompanies what is often termed ‘women’s work’ means that women’s choices are restricted and their economic power within marriage has been reduced. Changing Work Patterns Even though there had been widespread resistance towards women working outside the home Oakley (1981) maintains that this began to change after the first World War, and between 1914 and 1950 the number of women working outside the home showed a steady increase. In spite of this their primary role was still seen in terms of being a housewife. Since the 1960s women have been struggling to achieve participation in paid employment which is equal to that of men. This has been the case for women from all walks of life (Abbott and Wallace, 1997). These struggles resulted in the introduction of the Equal Pay Act in 1970 which meant that women were entitled to the same pay as men if they were doing the same job. In 1975 it became illegal under the Sex Discrimination Act to discriminate against women in education, in employment, and in the provision of goods. The European Court demanded a strengthening of the Equal Pay Act in Britain in 1982. This was followed by a further amendment in 1984 wh ich allowed that women were entitled to the same pay as men in their organisations providing they could prove that their work involved the same kinds of decision making and skills as their male counterparts. Women should have equal access and an equal chance for promotion. Some jobs were regarded as outside the confines of the 1975 Sex Discrimination Act e.g. only women could work in a women’s refuge (Haralambos et al 2000). Feminist Criticisms of the Family Since the 1970s and 80s the main sociological focus on families has been concerned with the experiences of women and children, furthermore, the highlighting of these experiences has generated a growth in awareness that the family is an ideological form that does not always work in everyone’s best interests. Feminists have highlighted the fact that for centuries women have been the subordinate sex in society and that this subordination is largely a result of their biology i.e. the fact that they have been born women rather than men. Feminists maintain that there is a disjuncture between women’s experiences of being in a family as wives and mothers and ideologies of domesticity. For a long time many women have felt extremely dissatisfied with the role ascribed to them once they are married and it was this dissatisfaction that Betty Friedan (1965) was seeking to express when she referred to the experience of American housewives in the 1960s as suffering from ‘the pro blem that has no name’. For some women the ideal of family life is seen as desirable, but their experiences within their own families, falls far short of that ideal (Stanley and Wise, 1983). The gender roles that women have been assigned are constructed on the basis of this biological difference rather than such roles being innate (Abbott and Wallace, 1997). Gender roles are socially constructed and reinforced through the family and the education system. This is done through the different ways that authority figures have of relating to boys and girls, and the fact that there is a tendency to give girls dolls and tea sets, and to give boys toy cars and construction sets (Firestone, 1971). However, Connell (1987) has argued that this view tends to ignore the capacity of individuals to accept or reject the social expectations that are embedded in gender roles. Thus Connell maintains that boys and girls may choose elements from each others roles e.g. the tendency of some girls to become involved in competitive sports, and boys dressing in drag when alone. Connell (1987) has said that this may result in males and females building themselves a fantasy life that is in contradic tion to their public actions, thus gender roles can be interchangeable. Feminists have also pointed out that gender socialization is evident in a hidden curriculum in the education system where books that represent males and females in ‘traditional’ roles reinforce the view that men and women have different paths in life. Until the late 1980s girls were less likely than boys to achieve the requisite number of A levels to enter university. In recent years the focus has tended to be on the growing underachievement of boys because girls are matching or exceeding boys across the curriculum and thus there are more women entering higher education. This does not, however, give them much advantage in the job market where they are disadvantaged in comparison with males who have the same qualification levels (Epstein, et al, 1998). Despite these things Moore (2002), maintains that things are changing, men are taking on more domestic responsibility than they were 20 years ago and often have a much greater involvement with their children than in the past. This has gained official recognition through the introduction of parental leave. In the past, although mothers were entitled to maternity leave, fathers did not have paternity leave. Parental leaves allows both parents to legitimate time off, however, unless men have sympathetic employers, this leave is unpaid and so often not taken. Changes within families has also meant (as mentioned earlier) that the structure of the family itself is changing. As it has already been noted, women’s subordination increased with the rise of industrialisation and the separation between public and private spheres (Oakley 1981). The continuing erosion of this distinction over the latter half of the 20th Century has been a significant factor in the changing nature of the family. There are a number of forces at work in the decline of what has been called the traditional family. Feminists have highlighted these changes while at the same time exposing the unequal power relationships that exist within society and within the family (Harding, 1987, Walby, 1986). They relate this inequality to the patriarchal nature of society. Rich (1976) has argued that patriarchy is a social and ideological system where men determine the roles that women should or should not play in society. Oakley (1981 and Pahl (1983)[2] have cited the division of roles, both within the family, and in the wider society, as a major site of oppression for women. Traditionally the man has been seen as the breadwinner once children arrive and this puts the woman at a disadvantage as research has shown that there is a relationship between money, power and inequality (Vogler, C and Pahl, J.1999)[3]. Because the family has been seen as the primary site of socialization (Parsons, 1951), it is also a useful place for social conditioning where obedience to authority lays the foundation for the submissive workforce that capitalism requires. Delphy (1977) has argued that gender differences are socially constructed and they tend to serve the interests of the dominant groups in society. Delphy further contends that women should be treated as a separate class because the categories of man and woman are not biological, but political and economic categories. Therefore women form a class who are exploited by men, and this is particularly evident in the nuclear family. Thus, Delphy writes: While the wage-labourer sells his labour power, the marrie woman gives hers away; exclusivity and non-payment are intimately connected. To supply unpaid labour within the framework of a universal and personal relationship (marriage) constructs primarily a relationship of slavery (Delpy, 1977:15). Marxist feminists argue that while Marxism may give an explanation of exploitation by the capitalist system it does not explain the inequalities between women and men, as Delphy (1977) maintains gender and sexual inequality should be the fundamental categories of feminist analysis. Marxism alone does not explain for example why women should be seen as responsible for household tasks and capitalism could just as easily still profit if men stayed at home The Community Care Act of 1990 has imposed further responsibilities on women in the role of informal carers, this places considerable stress on women’s health, particularly as nowadays many women who have a family also work outside the home. Dalley (1988) argues that much Government’s policy making, particularly the idea of community care is based on outmoded notions of the ideal family, where most married women do not go out to work, and b) it is the woman’s duty to assume the caring role. Under such circumstances it is widely assumed that the caring that women do in the home is a natural part of women’s role within the family even though many more women work than used to be the case. Changing Family Structures Since the Second World War there has been a dramatic rise in women’s participation in the workforce, although a lot of this has been part-time employment. The 1991 Census shows that the workforce was 47% women although there were regional and ethnic variations and single women are more likely to be employed than are married women. This is largely because women’s participation in the labour market is affected by their domestic responsibilities (Abbott and Tyler, 1995). Many women spend time out of the labour market when they have young children and then may work part time while children are at school only returning to full employment when their children are older. Few women have continuous careers as a result of their domestic responsibilities. Although child care arrangements do have an effect on women’s working patterns, lack of proper child care is not the only reason women do not participate more fully in the workplace. For example, while the number of women i n work has continued to rise only a third of single mothers with young children are economically active (HMSO, 1999). This is due to the fact that, despite Government initiatives such as Sure Start Centres, most lone mothers do not have either sufficient extra support to return to the workplace, or can only take low paid work which may leave them worse off than they were on benefits. In addition to this the welfare system was formed on the basis that the traditional nuclear family, with a man at its head, should be the norm. It is not, therefore, set up to deal with the increasing number of single parent households (Moore, 2002). Government continued concentration on the notion of the traditional family, tends to make single parent families appear as deviant, when in fact this type of family has become more prevalent as have other family forms. Gittins (1993) maintains that there are a wide variety of domestic relationships and that although relationships may be universal, the can take an infinite variety of forms. Besides the nuclear family there is the extended family, often a feature of minority ethnic groups. There are also many single parent families, whether through death, divorce or choice. Second marriages that often result in what is known as reconstituted families, e.g. where one or both partners have children from other relationships, are also becoming more prevalent. The last twenty years have also seen a rise in the number of people living together, or cohabiting, without the bonds of marriage. Different family relationships are also more evident due to the different ethnic groupings that now make up the UK (Giddens, 2001). Different attitudes towards those people who are not heterosexual has meant that an increasing number of gay and lesbian men and women now choose to live together as couples, and may or may not have children.[4] According to Hartley-Brewer (1999) contends that the family (as we have known it) is evolving, rather than the emphasis being on mother and father it should be on nurturing parents of whatever sex. It might therefore be argued that the home may soon cease to be the specific place for women and could become the place for dependent children and caregiver, who may not necessarily be a biological parent. Conclusion This assignment has looked at the concept and history of the family and at feminist criticisms. As noted earlier an increasing number of families are matriarchal or matrifocal, this is often the case in Caribbean families. This has generated debates about whether fatherless families are the source of an increasing number of social problems. Dennis and Erdos (1992) maintain that without adult examples of the proper conduct in relationships the children from families with absent fathers will not have the ability to become effective members of a social group. It is further argued that if a boy grows up without a father present then he will struggle to be a successful parent himself. Blankenhorn (1995) has argued that the high divorce rates of Western nations does not mean simply the absence of fathers from the home but the erosion of the idea of fatherhood, and that this will have lethal consequences. Fukuyama (1997) maintains that the roots of the disruption of society and of the tradi tional family can be attributed to the rising numbers of female employment. This, he argues, changes men’s perceptions of women, they now perceive women a being more capble and independent and thus able to care for a child without a man’s help. It is Fukuyama’s (1997) contention that the emancipation of women can lead to the further abdication of responsibility by men. Clearly a number of social and historical forces have contributed to the changing nature of the family. Many of these forces have been highlighted in feminist work, whether or not feminism has brought about the death of the family is a matter of opinion. On the evidence presented above it might be argued that feminism itself was the result of social, historical, and economic processes and it is these processes, rather than feminism, that is changing our view of what constitutes a family. Bibliography Abbott and Wallace, 1997 An Introduction to Sociology: Feminist Perspectives. London, Routledge Abbott and Tyler 1995 Ethnic variation in the female labour force: a research note†in British Journal of Sociology 46 pp 330-353 Allan, Graham and Crow, Graham 2001 Families, Households and Society: Basingstoke: Palgrove Barrett and Mcintosh 1980 â€Å"The family wage: Some problems for socialists and Feminists† Capitlalism and Class 11 pp51-72 Blankenhorn, D 1995 Fatherless America New York, Basic Books Cheal,m D 1991 The Family and the State of Theory Hemel Hempstead, Harvester, Wheatsheaf Connell, R. 1987 Gender and Power: Society, the Person and Sexual Politics Cambridge, Polity Coontz, S, and Henderson, P. eds. 1986. Women’s Work, Men’s Prosperity. London, Verso. Crow, G. and Hardey, M. 1992 â€Å"Diversity and ambiguity among lone-parent households in Modern Britain† in Marsh, C. and Arber, S. eds 1992 Families and Households: Divisions and Change. London, Macmillan. Dalley, G. 1988 Ideologies of caring: Rethinking Community and Collectivism London, Macmillan Delphy, C 1977 The Main Enemy London, Women’s Research and Resource Centre Dennis, N and Erdos, G 1992 Families without Fatherhood London, IEA Health and Welfare Unit Epstein et al 1998 Failing boys: Issues in Gender and Achievement Buckingham, OUP Finch, J 1989 Family Obligartions and Social Change Cambridge, Polity Press Firestone, S. 1971 The Dialectic of Sex: The Case for Feminist Revolution London, Cape Friedan, B 1965 The Feminist Mystique, Penguin Books, Harmondsworth Fukuyama F. 1997 The End of Order London, Social Market Foundation Giddens, A. 2001 4th edition. Sociology. Cambridge, Polity Press. Gittens, D. 1993 The Family in Question: Changing households and familial ideologies London, Macmillan Goode w. 1963 World Revolution and Family Patterns New York, Free Press Graham, H. 1993 Hardship and Health in Women’s Lives Hemel Hempstead, Harvester/Wheatsheaf Hacker, H. 1972 â€Å"Women as a Minority Group† in Glazer-Malbin and Waehrer eds. 1972. Woman in a Man-Made World. Chicago, Rand-Mcnally Haralambos,M. Holborn, M. and Heald, R.2000. 5th ed. Sociology: Themes and Perspectives. London, Harper Collins. Hartley-Brewer, J. 1999†Gay couple will be legal parents† Guardian 28th October 1999 Hartmann, H. 1981. â€Å"The unhappy marriage of Marxism and feminism: toward a more progressive union† in Sargent, L. ed. 1981 The Unhappy Marriage of Marxism and Feminism: A Debate on Class and Patriarchy. London, Pluto Press HMSO 1999 Social Trends 29 London, HMSO Hudson, K., 1970. The Place of Women in Society. London, Ginn. McGrath, A 1993 Modern Christian Thought, Blackwell, Oxford Moore, S 2002 Social Welfare Alive (3rd ed) Cheltenham, Nelson Thorne Murdock, G. 1949. Social Structure. New York, Macmillan. Oakley, A. 1981. Subject Women. Oxford, Martin Robinson Parsons, T. and Bales, R. 1955. Family, Socialisation, and Interaction Process. Glencoe, Illinois: Free Press Parsons, T. 1951 The Social System New York, The Free Press Stanley and Wise 1983 Breaking Out London, Routledge Walby, S 1986 Patriarchy at Work, Cambridge, Polity. Walby,S. 1990. Theorising Patriarchy. Blackwell, Oxford. Walby,S. 1997. Gender Transformations. London, Routledge Willmott and Young 1957 Family and Kinship in East London London, Harmondsworth Wollstonecraft, M 1792 The Disenfranchisement of Women, in Schneir, M (ed.) 1996 The Vintage Book of Historical Feminism, Vintage, London 1 Footnotes [1] Quoted in Haralambos and Holborn, 2000:504 no page given for Murdock quote. [2] Cited in Abbott and Wallace 1997 ibid. [3] Ditto [4] Either through the adoption process, artificial insemination, or an earlier heterosexual relationship